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- Beijing, or Peking Capital of China; part of
- its NE border is formed by the Great Wall of
- China; population (1992) 5,880,000. The
- municipality of Beijing has an area of 17,800
- sq km/6,871 sq mi and a population (1986) of
- 9,750,000. Industries include textiles,
- petrochemicals, steel, and engineering.
- Features include Tiannmen Gate (Gate of
- Heavenly Peace) and Tiannmen Square, where,
- in 1989, Chinese troops massacred over 1,000
- students and civilians demonstrating for
- greater freedom and democracy; the Forbidden
- City, built between 1406 and 1420 as Gu Gong
- (Imperial Palace) of the Ming Emperors, where
- there were 9,000 ladies in waiting and 10,000
- eunuchs in service (it is now the seat of the
- government); the Great Hall of the People
- 1959 (used for official banquets); museums of
- Chinese history and of the Chinese
- revolution; Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 1977
- (shared from 1983 with Zhou Enlai, Zhu De,
- and Liu Shaoqi); the Summer Palace built by
- the dowager empress Zi Xi (damaged by the
- European powers 1900, but restored 1903);
- Temple of Heaven (Tiantan); and Ming tombs 50
- km/30 mi to the NW. History Beijing, founded
- 2,000 years ago, was the 13th- century
- capital of the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan.
- Later replaced by Nanking, it was again
- capital from 1421, except from 1928 to 1949,
- when it was renamed Peiping. Beijing was held
- by Japan 1937-45.
-